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Recenzia knihy Štatistika pre reprodukovateľný výskum v spolo čenských vedách
(2025) Ballová Mikušková, Eva
Recenze Jungovy knihy Vývoj osobnosti (Portál, 2022, 246 stran)
(2022) Millová, Katarína
Young adults in flux: The role of dimensions of emerging adulthood and psychological capital in the intention to remain in an organization
(2022) Kačmár Pavol; Baranyiová, Daniela; Zentková, Lenka
Objective. Research dedicated to turnover intentions has proliferated in the last decades, identifying various predictors of intention to voluntarily quit the organization. However, although previous studies indicated that younger employees are more prone to turnover intentions, emerging adulthood, as a specific developmental period, has been neglected in previous research dedication to turnover intentions. Emerging adulthood corresponds to ages 18–29 years, during which individuals consider themselves as no longer adolescents, but not yet as full‑fledged adults. Besides the achievement of developmental milestones, various psychologically based qualities – known as dimensions of emerging adulthood – are differentiated in a research literature, and can play a role in turnover intentions. Relatedly, although Psychological capital (PsyCap) – as a second‑order construct integrating hope, self‑efficacy, resilience, and optimism - has been established as a correlate of intention to remain in the organization in previous studies, the role of positive psychological resources in intention to stay in an organization during emerging adulthood, as a specific developmental period, has been neglected. Moreover, recent literature also indicates that the relationship between psychological capital and turnover intention could be indirect – i.e., mediated by other variables such as work engagement – and that a similar pattern of results could be expected also in the case of dimensions of emerging adulthood. Thus, the aim of the present paper is to examine the role of (A) dimensions of emerging adulthood (as potentially important developmental factors) and (B) psycho‑ logical capital (as a positive psychological state that could be purposefully cultivated) in the intention to remain in the organization both directly, and indirectly (i.e., potentially mediated via work engagement).
Method. The sample consisted of 192 people in the age range of 19-29 years. A cross‑sectional design has been employed. Psychological capital (CPC – 12R), Dimensions of emerging adulthood (IDEA-8), Work engagement (UWES – 17), Intention to remain in the current organization (scale), and Big‑Five personality traits (BFI‑II‑Short) have been used.
Results. Results indicated that the intention to remain in the organization was positively related to engagement and to psychological capital, but it was not related to dimensions of emerging adulthood. In fact, a model with psychological capital - as the only predictor - was preferred according to the Bayesian multi‑model linear regression. Moreover, mediation analysis indicated that conditional on the model assumption – X (psychological capital) → M (work engagement) → Y (intention to remain in the organization), work engagement can account for a significant portion of the variance between X and Y. A similar pattern of results occurred concerning one dimension of emerging adulthood, namely the feeling in‑between – X (feeling in between) → M (work engagement) → Y (intention to remain in the organization). However, other dimensions of emerging adulthood were not relevant in the present context. The further exploratory analysis also indicated that dedication - as specific aspect of engagement - could be of some importance in the present context.
Conclusions. It can be concluded that psychological capital predicted intention to remain in the current organization both directly and indirectly – via work engagement – and this could have practical implications as it seems that psychological capital is possible to cultivate. Moreover, although the role of feeling in‑between was rather indirect, smaller, and less certain, it can help us to better understand the nuances of the turnover intentions in a turbulent period of emerging adulthood.
Limitations. The main limitation of the present study is the cross‑sectional research design and the convenience sampling. Therefore, replication and further extensions are recommended for future research.
Academic Achievement, School Absence and Self‑Concept in Czech Prepubescent Children with Overweight and Obesity
(2022) Včelařová, Hana; Cakirpaloglu, Panajotis; Dostál, Daniel; Hladík, Jakub
Problem. The paper offers findings about selected educational aspects of children’s academic performance, examined here in terms of sociodemographic variables, BMI percentile values, cognitive test scores, weight bias internalization scale and self ‑concept scale with an aim to detect whether and to what extent these factors contribute to children’s school results.
Methods. 557 fifth graders were administered Vana’s Intelligence Test, the Piers‑Harris 2 self‑concept questionnaire and other tools. Children’s educational aspects were assessed in terms of school Absence, Grade Point Average, and Czech and Mathematics grades, with data obtained from their most recent report cards under the Informed consent of their legal representatives and in compliance with ethical standards.
Results. Prepubescent children from stronger socio‑economic backgrounds suffer from overweight/obesity less often and perform slightly better at school. The present results suggest a link between weight bias internalization and overweight/obesity, and a somewhat weaker link between self‑concept and overweight/obesity in the non‑clinical population of prepubescent children. In these relationships of overweight/obese children, as in the cases of alarmingly high school absence, gender is an important variable. Multinomial logistic regression modelling the relationship between Czech and Mathematics grades and selected factors discovered that chances for a worse grade were significantly reduced by the results of Vana’s Intelligence Test in both the subjects, while the Self‑concept total score proved to be an insignificant factor. Conversely, pupils’ Czech grades were negatively influenced by increased BMI (quartile), higher Absence rate, male Gender, Presence of only one parent in the family and WBI, while in Mathematics, in addition to the above-discussed, significant regressors only included Absence and Presence of only one parent.
Discussions. The results of the Self‑concept total score, the level of which is generally lower in girls than in boys in the population of Czech prepubescent children, agree with other authors’ experience. The connection between the male sex and poorer performance in Czech can be partly explained by the fact that the development of speech, reading, writing and grammar is generally less complicated for school‑age girls than boys. We can ask why a higher BMI quartile increases the chances of a worse grade only in the case of Czech language? So far, we can only speculate about the causes. In our opinion, it is possible that the impact of parents’ education on the performance of children of this age is more pronounced in the Czech language (compared to Mathematics). The other possibility of the impact of the BMI quartile on the Czech grade is the significant predominance of boys in the o/o group. On the other hand, it should be noted that this argument would not explain the o/o children’s poorer Grade Point Average score. However, we believe that the above reasons answer partially this question.
Conclusion. The vulnerability of o/o girls is pronounced in some domains of Self‑concept and Weight bias internalization, while in boys it is reflected in the more frequent occurrence of high levels of Absenteeism, with the precise causes of this being still subject to speculation. In this regard, workers in the cooperating professions should pay continuous attention to strengthening the desirable aspects of education and healthy lifestyle among vulnerable groups of children. Educational aspects of overweight/obese children should therefore continue to receive increased attention.
Motivace k myslivecké činnosti ve vztahu k osobnostním rysům
(2022) Baumgartner, František; Krakovská, Michaela
Příspěvek se věnuje tématu motivace k myslivecké činnosti, přičemž je sledována role různých motivů myslivosti a jejich souvislost s charakteristikami osobnosti. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo celkem 503 osob, z toho bylo 112 žen a 391 mužů. Data byla získána původním dotazníkem zjišťujícím motivaci k myslivosti a dotazníkem HEXACO, který měří šest dimenzí osobnosti. Na základě faktorové analýzy bylo odvozeno pět motivačních tendencí k myslivosti. Nejsilnějšími jsou motivy uznání a sdílení. Zjištění ukazují rozdílné vztahy motivů k osobnostním dimenzím. Častější jsou negativní korelace. Motiv prestiže negativně koreluje s poctivostí – pokorou, podobně je to u motivu agrese, který navíc ještě koreluje se svědomitostí. Z pozitivních korelací jsou nejsilnější vztahy motivů rozptýlení a agrese s emocionalitou. Pozorovat lze další signifikantní korelace, většinou se však jedná o slabé vztahy.