Article: Una propuesta de aplicación del método isotópico al análisis de textos poéticos en el ámbito de la enseñanza superior
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Date
2025
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Authors
Lampis, Mirko
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Abstract
El objetivo de este artículo es específica y exclusivamente didáctico: explicar y ejemplificar en qué consiste y cómo funciona el análisis por isotopías de sentido aplicado a textos poéticos. Se describirán, en primer lugar, la estructura y las finalidades generales del método: sus fundamentos teóricos y sus objetivos prácticos. Se describirá, en segundo lugar, el trabajo pre-analítico, necesario a fin de que los discentes dominen los niveles semántico y morfosintáctico del texto. Se describirán, en tercer lugar, las modalidades de análisis: cómo encontrar y registrar nuestras isotopías de sentido a lo largo de la cadena sintagmática. Nos movemos, en estas primeras fases, en el dominio intratextual. Sin embargo, la comprensión del vocabulario y la sintaxis necesariamente llama en causa a saberes intertextuales (literarios) y extratextuales (culturales) que los estudiantes podrían no dominar. Es imprescindible, por lo tanto, que se apoyen activamente en las competencias del docente. Se describirá, finalmente, el trabajo post-analítico (o sintético), que versa sobre la distribución de las isotopías a lo largo del texto y sus relaciones mutuas: relaciones de solidaridad, oposición, convergencia y divergencia. Se ofrecerá, asimismo, una muestra concreta de análisis, aplicando el método a tres conocidos poemas en lengua española: Cerrar podrá mis ojos la postrera (F. de Quevedo), Mientras por competir por tu cabello (L. de Góngora) y Si el hombre pudiera decir lo que ama (L. Cernuda). El estudio del desenvolvimiento de las isotopías y de sus modalidades de interrelación, lo que también se podría llamar el ritmo isotópico del poema, no debería, en un principio, deparar sorpresas ni desvelar algún sentido profundo u oculto. Su objetivo es más humilde: aclarar o explicitar, a partir de la propia forma textual, por qué y cómo el poema nos dice lo que nos dice.
A proposal for the application of the isotopic method to the analysis of poetic texts in higher education. The aim of this paper is specifically and exclusively didactic: to explain and exemplify what the analysis by isotopies of meaning applied to poetic texts is and how it works. We will first outline the general structure and aims of the method: its theoretical foundations and practical objectives. Secondly, we will present the pre-analytical work necessary for learners to understand the semantic and morphosyntactic levels of the text. Thirdly, we will describe the modalities of analysis: how to find and register our isotopies of meaning along the syntagmatic chain. In these first phases, we operate within the intratextual domain. However, understanding vocabulary and syntax necessarily involves intertextual (literary) and extratextual (cultural) skills which students may not have. It is therefore essential that they actively rely on the teacher’s expertise. Finally, we will discuss the post-analytical (or synthetic) work, which deals with the distribution of the isotopies throughout the text and their mutual relations: relations of solidarity, opposition, convergence and divergence. We will also offer a specific sample of analysis, applying the method to three well-known poems in Spanish: Cerrar podrá mis ojos la postrera (by F. de Quevedo), Mientras por competir por tu cabello (by L. de Góngora) and Si el hombre pudiera decir lo que ama (by L. Cernuda). The study of the development of the isotopies, what could also be called the isotopic rhythm of the poem, and of their modes of interrelation should not, at first, hold any surprises or reveal any deep or hidden meaning. Its aim is humbler: to clarify or make explicit, from the textual form itself, why and how the poem tells us what it tells us.
A proposal for the application of the isotopic method to the analysis of poetic texts in higher education. The aim of this paper is specifically and exclusively didactic: to explain and exemplify what the analysis by isotopies of meaning applied to poetic texts is and how it works. We will first outline the general structure and aims of the method: its theoretical foundations and practical objectives. Secondly, we will present the pre-analytical work necessary for learners to understand the semantic and morphosyntactic levels of the text. Thirdly, we will describe the modalities of analysis: how to find and register our isotopies of meaning along the syntagmatic chain. In these first phases, we operate within the intratextual domain. However, understanding vocabulary and syntax necessarily involves intertextual (literary) and extratextual (cultural) skills which students may not have. It is therefore essential that they actively rely on the teacher’s expertise. Finally, we will discuss the post-analytical (or synthetic) work, which deals with the distribution of the isotopies throughout the text and their mutual relations: relations of solidarity, opposition, convergence and divergence. We will also offer a specific sample of analysis, applying the method to three well-known poems in Spanish: Cerrar podrá mis ojos la postrera (by F. de Quevedo), Mientras por competir por tu cabello (by L. de Góngora) and Si el hombre pudiera decir lo que ama (by L. Cernuda). The study of the development of the isotopies, what could also be called the isotopic rhythm of the poem, and of their modes of interrelation should not, at first, hold any surprises or reveal any deep or hidden meaning. Its aim is humbler: to clarify or make explicit, from the textual form itself, why and how the poem tells us what it tells us.
Description
Subject Headings
jazyková analýza, lingvistika
Keywords
análisis, texto poético, isotopía de sentido, interpretación, analysis, poetic text, semantic isotopy, interpretation
ISBN
ISSN
DOI
doi.org/ 10.15452/SR.2024.25.0013
License
CC BY-NC 4.0
Citation
Studia Romanistica 25(2), 2025, 35-49