Article: Concisión y rehumanización de la poesía en El alba en los ojos (1926) de Ricardo Peña Barrenechea
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Date
2026
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Authors
Guizado Yampi, Renato
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Abstract
Ricardo Peña Barrenechea (Lima, 1896-1939), uno de los poetas más connotados de los años 20 y 30, escribió en 1926 los veinticuatro poemas de El alba en los ojos, los más breves de la literatura peruana. En ese momento, en Perú, las ideas ultraístas de la síntesis verbal en pro de la metáfora como axis textual cristalizaban en propuestas individuales, y a la vez, en el ámbito hispánico, surgía una reacción contra la deshumanización de la poesía; procesos a los que responde el conjunto de Peña. Con la finalidad de suplir la casi absoluta carencia bibliográfica sobre este título relevante, el presente estudio analiza, en cinco apartados, la estructura figurativa y el trasfondo lírico de El alba en los ojos, considerando el pensamiento y los referentes literarios del autor. Tras la introducción, el segundo apartado examina el vínculo creativo con la poesía moderna española, en especial con la greguería de Ramón Gómez de la Serna que inspira el molde compositivo de los versos concernientes. Los apartados tercero y cuarto interpretan el tema, de raíz romántica, de la nostalgia: cómo el alba es símbolo de la mujer amada y de la infancia. Y el quinto apartado examinan el símil y la metáfora de Peña en el marco de la rehumanización de la poesía, señalando sus elementos simbolistas. Como se observa, el autor rencauza la estructura de la greguería ramoniana y su síntesis verbal no pretende elidir la instancia emotiva, sino que asume la ineludible fragmentariedad de la indagación en el alma, representa la fugacidad del tiempo y emula la sensibilidad de la niñez.
Concision and the rehumanization of poetry in El alba en los ojos (1926) by Ricardo Peña Barrenechea. Ricardo Peña Barrenechea (Lima, 1896–1939), one of the most distinguished Peruvian poets of the 1920s and 1930s, wrote in 1926 the twenty-four poems of El alba en los ojos, the briefest in Peruvian literature. At that time in Peru, the Ultraist ideals of verbal synthesis in favor of metaphor as the textual axis were crystallizing in individual poetic proposals, while, more broadly in the Hispanic world, a reaction was emerging against the dehumanization of poetry—processes to which Peña’s collection responds. In order to address the near-total lack of bibliographic studies on this significant work, the present article analyzes, in five sections, the figurative structure and lyrical background of El alba en los ojos, taking into account the author’s thought and literary references. Following the introduction, the second section examines the creative connection with modern Spanish poetry, especially with Ramón Gómez de la Serna’s greguería, which inspires the compositional model of the poems in question. The third and fourth sections interpret the Romantic-rooted theme of how dawn becomes a symbol of the beloved woman and of childhood. The fifth section explores Peña’s use of simile and metaphor within the framework of the rehumanization of poetry, highlighting traces of Symbolist influence. As can be observed, the author redirects the structure of the greguería as conceived by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, and his verbal synthesis does not seek to eliminate the emotional dimension, but rather embraces the unavoidable fragmentation of the exploration of the soul, represents the transience of time, and emulates the sensitivity of childhood.
Concision and the rehumanization of poetry in El alba en los ojos (1926) by Ricardo Peña Barrenechea. Ricardo Peña Barrenechea (Lima, 1896–1939), one of the most distinguished Peruvian poets of the 1920s and 1930s, wrote in 1926 the twenty-four poems of El alba en los ojos, the briefest in Peruvian literature. At that time in Peru, the Ultraist ideals of verbal synthesis in favor of metaphor as the textual axis were crystallizing in individual poetic proposals, while, more broadly in the Hispanic world, a reaction was emerging against the dehumanization of poetry—processes to which Peña’s collection responds. In order to address the near-total lack of bibliographic studies on this significant work, the present article analyzes, in five sections, the figurative structure and lyrical background of El alba en los ojos, taking into account the author’s thought and literary references. Following the introduction, the second section examines the creative connection with modern Spanish poetry, especially with Ramón Gómez de la Serna’s greguería, which inspires the compositional model of the poems in question. The third and fourth sections interpret the Romantic-rooted theme of how dawn becomes a symbol of the beloved woman and of childhood. The fifth section explores Peña’s use of simile and metaphor within the framework of the rehumanization of poetry, highlighting traces of Symbolist influence. As can be observed, the author redirects the structure of the greguería as conceived by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, and his verbal synthesis does not seek to eliminate the emotional dimension, but rather embraces the unavoidable fragmentation of the exploration of the soul, represents the transience of time, and emulates the sensitivity of childhood.
Description
Subject Headings
peruánská poezie, umělecká avantgarda, peruánská literatura
Keywords
Ricardo Peña Barrenechea, poesía peruana, vanguardias, concisión, deshumanización del arte, greguería, Ricardo Peña Barrenechea, Peruvian poetry, avant-garde movements, conciseness, dehumanization of art, greguería
ISBN
ISSN
DOI
doi.org/10.15452/SR.2026.26.0004
License
CC BY-NC 4.0
Citation
Studia Romanistica 26(1), 2026, 35-50